Fraunhofer-Institut für System- und Innovationsforschung ISIAnalysis of the European energy system under the aspects of flexibility and technological progress (REFLEX)
The decarbonisation of the energy system is one of the main challenges the European Union is facing in the coming years and decades. Achieving the targeted emission reductions of 80 to 95% compared to 1990 levels by 2050 requires a fundamental transformation of the European energy system. Therefore, the SET-Plan has been established to accelerate the development and deployment of low‐carbon technologies especially in the fields of using Renewable Energy Sources (RES) and increasing of energy efficiency. Because of their intermittent nature, the integration of RES requires the implementation of several flexibility options such as energy storage systems, smart grids and demand side management as well as new cross‐sectoral applications like power‐to-heat and power‐to‐transport. Still, the interaction between different options, the optimal portfolio and the impact on environment and society are unknown.